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November 24, 2009

Rosewood or Sonokeling

Rosewood refers to any of a number of richly hued timbers, often brownish with darker veining, but found in many different hues. All rosewoods are strong and heavy, taking an excellent polish, being suitable for guitars, turnery (billiard cues, the black pieces in chess sets, etc), handles, furniture, luxury flooring, etc.

In general, supplies are poor through overexploitation. Some species become canopy trees (up to 30 m high), and large pieces can occasionally be found in the trade.

True rosewoods

All genuine rosewoods belong to the genus Dalbergia. The pre-eminent rosewood appreciated in the western world is the wood of Dalbergia nigra which is now a CITES-listed endangered species. It is best known as Brazilian Rosewood, but also as "Rio Rosewood" or "Bahia Rosewood." This wood has a strong sweet smell, which persists over the years, explaining the name "rosewood".

Another classic rosewood is that yielded by Dalbergia latifolia known as (East) Indian Rosewood or Sonokeling. Note that not all species in the large genus Dalbergia yield rosewoods; only about a dozen species do. They can be found in tropical America, Southeast Asia, and Madagascar. The woods of some other species in the genus Dalbergia are notable—even famous—woods in their own right: African Blackwood, Cocobolo, Kingwood, and Tulipwood. The Indian souvenir trade tries to sell objects made of Dalbergia sissoo (sometimes stained purple) as if they were rosewood. The wood of some other species is usable for toolhandles at best.

Other "rosewoods"

The timber trade will sell many timbers under the name "rosewood" (usually with an adjective) due to some (outward) similarities. A fair number of these timbers come from other legume genera; one such species that is often mentioned is Machaerium scleroxylon. Another that may be found in advertisements from Asia is Pterocarpus indicus (and related species).

An exception is the Australian Rose Mahogany (Dysoxylum fraserianum), a highly regarded rainforest tree in eastern Australia which is sometimes also called "Rosewood" although its wood bears no resemblance whatsoever to the true rosewoods.

Jati ( teak )

Teak (Tectona), is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the mint family, Lamiaceae[1][2][3], native to the south and southeast of Asia, and is commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation. They are large trees, growing to 30-40 m tall, deciduous in the dry season.

The name teak comes from the Malayalam[4] word Thekku.

Contents

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[edit] Systematics

Teak belongs to the family Lamiaceae (in older classifications in Verbenaceae). Sometimes it is included in the subfamily Prostantheroideae[5]. There are three species of Tectona:

[edit] Cultivation and uses

The yellowish brown timber with good grains and texture from teak trunk is used in the manufacture of outdoor furniture, boat decks, and other articles where weather resistance is desired. It is also used for indoor flooring and as a veneer for indoor furnishings.

Teak, though easily worked, can cause severe blunting on edge tools because of the presence of silica in the wood. Teak's natural oils make it ideal for use in exposed locations and termite and pest proof, where it is durable even when not treated with oil or varnish. Timber cut from old Teak trees was once believed to be more durable and harder than plantation grown Teak. Studies have shown[6]plantation-grown teak performs on par with old-growth Teak in the following categories; Erosion Rate, Dimensional Stability, Warping, and Surface Checking.

Teak is used extensively in India to make doors and window frames, furniture and columns and beams in old type houses. It is very resistant to termite attacks. Mature teak fetches a very good price. It is grown extensively by forest departments of different states in forest areas.

Teak consumption encompasses a different set of environmental concerns, such as the disappearance of rare old-growth teak. However, its popularity has led to growth in sustainable production throughout the seasonally dry tropics in forestry plantations. The Forest Stewardship Council offers certification of sustainably grown and harvested teak products. Experiments are ongoing to achieve vegetative propagation from one year old stem cuttings.

Popular in the 1950s and 1960s in a style often known as Danish modern, teak furniture has had a second boom in popularity. Teak is one of the most sought-after types of vintage furniture.

Leaves of teak wood tree are used in making Pellakai gatti (jackfruit dumpling), where batter is poured in a teak leaf and is steamed.[citation needed] This type of usage is found in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in state of Karnataka in India. The leaves are also used in gudeg, a dish of young jackfruit made in Central Java, Indonesia, and give the dish its dark brown color.

Teak is used as a food plant by the larvae of moths of the genus Endoclita including E. aroura, E. chalybeatus, E. damor, E. gmelina, E. malabaricus, E. sericeus and E. signifer and other Lepidoptera including Turnip Moth.

Hyblaea puera, an insect native to southeast Asia, is a teak pest whose caterpillar feeds on teak and other species of trees common in the region.[7]. Much of the world's teak is exported by Indonesia and Myanmar. There is also a rapidly growing Plantation grown market in Central America (Costa Rica) and South America.

Propagation

Teak is propagated mainly from seeds. Germination of the seeds involves pretreatment to remove dormancy arising from the thick pericarp. Pretreatment involves alternate wetting and drying of the seed. The seeds are soaked in water for 12 hours and then spread to dry in the sun for 12 hours. This is repeated for 10-14 days and then the seeds are sown in shallow germination beds of coarse peat covered by sand. The seeds then germinate after 15 to 30 days.[8][9]

Kempas

KOOMPASSIA MALACCENSIS

Kempas is a highly decorative hardwood that is commonly used as flooring. The strength of kempas is comparable to some heavy hardwoods and is suitable for structural usage and has been widely used in the building industry. The wood is compact, hard and heavy with a distinctive appearance.

FAMILY
Leguminosae.

OTHER COMMON NAMES
Impas, Mengris, Thongbeung.

ORIGIN
Malay Peninsula and Indonesia.

APPEARANCE
Heartwood is pinkish red when freshly cut and darkens on exposure to an orange-red with numerous yellow-brown streaks due to the soft tissue associated with the pores. Streaks of the brittle stone-like tissue are fairly common and are a source of mechanical weakness. Sapwood is white or pale yellow. Coarse-textured with a bright, natural luster and medium interlocked grain.

DENSITY AND BUOYANCY
Janka hardness is 1710, 33% harder than Red Oak (1210 Janka). Average weight is relatively heavy at 55 lbs./cu. ft. Specific gravity is .72, making this wood somewhat buoyant.

DRYING AND SHRINKAGE
Dries rather easily but slowly and with a low shrinkage rate. It can experience some splitting, checking and distortion due to abnormalities in the wood. Very stable in service.

WORKABILITY
Kempas contains pockets of hard deposits that can provide some difficulty when sawing and can promote blunting of tools. High resistance to cutting in most machine operations. Pre-boring is suggested yet the wood holds nails well once applied. This species sands well and glues well, but does require some filling to ensure a good polish. It dresses smoothly in most applications, and finishes well.

DURABILITY
Kempas has a natural resistance to decay. The wood is durable to fungi but susceptible to dry wood borers and termites.

PRESERVATION
The timber is not durable but it is amenable to preservative treatment. Wood has a slightly acidic character and may tend to promote corrosion in metals. When exterior utilization is anticipated, the wood must be treated with preservatives.

USES
Flooring, mouldings, furniture and cabinets.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
An Asian hardwood valued for its durability, kempas ranges in color from light pinkish-brown when freshly milled to reddish-brown and yellowish-red upon exposure to light. Dense with excellent wearing properties, kempas offers a blend of elegance, natural beauty and affordability that few flooring species can match.

Kempas offers:


  • excellent dimensional stability
  • moderate to high variation in color
  • sands, nails and finishes well

LUMBER
Standard and custom sizes available in flooring and mouldings.


  • 4/4", 5/4" thickness
  • 6" and wider
  • 6' and longer

Keruing

Family

Dipterocarpaceae

Other Names

Gurjun, Dau, Keroeing, Mai Nhang, Mai sat, Keruing bajak, Keruing beras, Kanyin, Yang, Apitong, Hora

Scientific Names

Dipterocarpus spp.

Source

Southeast Asia

Wood Appearance

The heartwood is light red to red brown or purplish red brown. Presence of resin. Possible wind shakes. It has clearly demarcated sapwood. The grain is straight or interlocked and the texture is coarse. Density at 12 % moisture content: 0.79 g/cm3.

Working Properties

The blunting effect is high; peeling is reported to be good and slicing is not recommended or without interest. Variable silica content. Some species are very resinous and tend to clog tools. Occasional tearing on quartersawn. Nailing is good but pre-boring is necessary. Gluing is correct but must be done with care due to the presence of resin. It dries slowly. Moisture content is very variable especially for the most resinous species. Careful stacking and end coating are recommended.

Durability

Keruing is moderately durable to fungi and is durable to dry wood borers; sapwood demarcated (risk limited to sapwood). Several species are regrouped under the name Keruing of the genus Dipterocarpus and the natural durability is variable from one species to another. It is thus recommended to restrict the use without preservative treatment for end-uses under biological hazard class 2.

Uses

Keruing can be used for several applications:
• interior: e.g. flooring, stairs, panelling, veneer, boxes and crates, joinery
• exterior: e.g. exterior joinery, panelling, ship building, bridges, wood frame house, vehicle or container flooring, heavy carpentry
Plywood for light woods. Resin and shakes may restrict end-uses. In Asia, this species is used for sleepers and poles with a treatment.

Kapur

Species: Dryobalanops Aromatica (Indonesian Kapur)

Wood Type: Hardwood

Environmental: Not listed in CITES, but believed available from well-managed sources.

Introduction: Various species of the genus Dryobalanops are distributed over part of Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo, including Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah and East Kalimantan. The various species comprising kapur are given below.

Names/Types: Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f. and D. oblongifolia Dyer, produce Malaysian kapur for export, but locally the latter species is known as keladan.
Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f. D. lanceolata Burck., and possibly other species produce Sarawak kapur.
Dryobalanops lanceolata Burck, and D. beccarii Dyer, and possibly other species produce Sabah kapur.
Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f. and D. oblongifolia Dyer are the principal species producing Indonesian kapur shipped from Sumatra.
Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f., D. oblongifolia Dyer. D. beccarii Dyer., D. fusca V.SI. and D. lanceolata Burck, and possibly other species produce Indonesian kapur shipped from Borneo.



Kapur Timber

Kapur Timber



The Tree: The trees vary according to species and environment, but usually they are very large, often reaching a height of 60m and a diameter of 1.5m to 2.0m with slightly tapering boles some 30m long above the buttresses. Although tending to grow gregariously, it never forms pure stands.

The Timber: The sapwood is whitish to yellowish-brown in colour, up to 75mm wide, and clearly defined from the heartwood, which is a light rose-red when freshly cut, becoming rose-red to reddish-brown on exposure, often (particularly when fresh) with a pronounced camphor-like odour. It is fairly straight grained, moderately coarse but even textured, and is moderately hard and heavy. There is often a superficial resemblance to keruing, but on examination of end grain it will be seen that kapur has continuous gum ducts in concentric lines. These individual canals are smaller than the vessels, and are often filled with white resin; this does not exude over the surface of the wood. The different species vary somewhat in weight, but on average they are as follows:


Kapur Hardwood

Kapur Hardwood



Indonesian Kapur 830 kg/m3 when dried.

Drying: Reported to dry fairly well with an excellent resistance to warp and check.

Strength: From the results of tests it would seem that in the green state Kapur is superior to Tectona in general strength properties, but when dried, it is harder, and some 15 per cent stronger in bending, and about 50 per cent stiffer and more resistant to suddenly applied loads than Tectona.

Working Qualities: Medium - Medium

Durability: Durable

Moisture Movement: Medium

Density (mean, Kg/m³): 770

Texture: Medium

Availability: Variable

Price: Medium

Chemical Properties: Camphor like odor, especially when freshly cut

Use(s): Exterior joinery, indoor/outdoor furniture, flooring, outdoor/marine decking

Colour(s): Reddish brown

Air Dry Density: 575-815 Kg/m³

Strength Group: B

Static Bending:
¤ MOE 13,000-18,700 N/nm²
¤ MOR 144-126 N/nm²

Compression Strength:
¤ Perpendicular to Grain 5.52 N/nm²
¤ Parallel to Grain 61.70-69.60 N/nm²

Shear Strength: 10.50 - 13.60 N/nm²

November 23, 2009

Merbau




BOTANICAL NAME
- Intsia spp., Caesalpiniaceae family
- Intsia bijuga
- Intsia palembanica

LOCAL NAMES
Marbau, merbau, merbo, taritih (Java); marbon, merbau asam, merbau darat, merbau pantai (Sumatra); alai, anglai, ipil, jumelai, maharau, merbau (Borneo); Bayam, gefi, ipi, ipil, langgiri, ogifi (Celebes); aisele, dowora, falai, ipi, ipil, kayu besi (Moluccas); Doma, fimpi, ipi, ipir (East Nusa Tenggara); bau, kayu besi, pas, sekka (Papua).

OTHER COMMON NAMES
Go-nuoc (Viet Nam); Ipil, Ipil laut (Pl); Kwila (Papua New Guine); Lumpho, Lumpaw, Maka-mong(Thailand); Moluccan iron-wood (United Kingdom); Mirabow (United Kingdom, USA); Inzia (ltalia); Moluks ijzerhou (NI); Merbau (France, Germany, Italia, NI, Spain, Sweden).

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
All over Sumatra, Borneo and Celebes, West Java, Central Java, Moluccas, East Nusa Tenggara, Papua(Irian Jaya).

HABITUS
The tree stands 40 m tall, the clear bole is 4 to 30 m long, and the diameter is 100 cm. The buttress root is 4 m tall and 4 m width. The outside bark color is gray, gray to brown, light brown or light red. I. bijuga has shallow grooves bark. I. palambanica hasn't grove bark. The bark some peeled and some has a lot of peeled. The bark is tights and has black or dark red resin.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

COLOUR
The heartwood is brown-gray, brown-yellow, brown-red or black. The sapwood is light yellow. The sapwood has 5 - 7,5 cm tights. The sapwood can be differed from heartwood.

TEXTURE
The wood texture is evenly coarse.

GRAIN
The grain is straight or occasionally slightly interlocked.

TOUCH
The wood surface is smooth.

GLOSS
The wood surface is glossy.

STRUCTURE

VESSELS
The vessels is spread, solitary and in grouped of 2 to 3 in radial direction, rarely clustered, The diameter is 150-200 m, the frequency is 1 to 2 per mm2.

PARENCHYMA
The apotracheal parenchyma has the shape of complete borders to the vessels.

RAYS
The rays are uniseriate and multiseriate, 50 to 125 m wide, 300 to 400 m high, and have frequency of 4 to 6 per mm.

FIBRES
The fibre length is 1181 m with a diameter of 21.6 m.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Specific gravity
0.84 (0.63 - 1.04) g/cm3

Strength class
II

Shrinkage
Shrinkage to oven-dry condition of I. bijuga is 3.3% (Radial) and 4.1% (Tangential).
Shrinkage to air-dry condition of I. palembanica is 0.6% (Radial) and 0.7% (Tangential).

Fibre Saturation Point
24 %

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Bending strength 115 mPa
16679 psi

Modulus of elasticity 15440 mPa
2239 1000psi

Crushing strength 74 mPa
10733 psi

JANKA Hardness 8.56 kN
1925 lbs force

note: at 12% moisture content

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (I. bijuga)

Content
Cellulose 46.9%
Lignin 22.6%
Pentosan 17.1%
Ash 0.9%
Silica 0.2%

Solubility
Alcohol-benzene 5.6%
Cold water 11.3%
Hot water 8.2%
1% NaOH 2.9%


DURABILITY AND TREATABILITY

Durability
Fungi - Class 1 - 2 - Very Durable to Durable
Dry Wood Borers - Heartwood durable
Termites - Class D - Durable (see "Bangkirai and Merbau Termite Resistance")

Treatability
Merbau wood is difficult to treat.

DRYING

Merbau wood can be dried satisfactorily without incurring significant defect.

AIR SEASONING
Seasoning of 2.5 cm thick I. palembanica boards up to air-dry condition and humidity 15% takes 82 days respectively.

KILN DRYING
Recommended drying temperature and relative humidity are 43-71C and 83-38%.

WORKING PROPERTIES
Sawing/Machining; Sawing is difficult as wood clogs saw teeth and dulls cutting edges; carbide tooling recommended. Sanding: Sands satisfactorily.
Nailing: Good holding ability.
Finishing: Wood stains black in contact with ferrous metals or moisture.

USES

Merbau wood is mainly used for flooring, furniture, paneling, fine joinery, decorative turnery, cabinetmaking, musical instruments, and specialty items. The wood is also a dye source.

Meranti Batu ( Red Balau )

Meranti Batu is a carefully selected, balau hardwood species. Dark red in color, 100% clear grade.

Characteristics


Durability

Extremely durable. Used for boardwalks, bridges, wharves, trucks, lorries and decking.

Very resistant to decay, insects and fungal attack, even in tropical environments.

Resistant to abrasion, wear and dents. Naturally fire resistant.


Ease of maintenance

Easy to maintain! Accepts standard penetrating oil finishes to maintain that rich dark “Mahogany look” or leave unsealed to weather silver gray patina.

Sustainably managed

Sourced from countries that are leaders in ecological, suistained forestry practices.

Bangkirai ( yellow Balau )

Yellow-brown with a reddish tinge weathering ultimately to a deeper shade of a reddish dark brown.

The growth area of Bangkirai is located principally in South East Asia. Our Bangkirai comes mainly from Kalimantan and Sumatra. It is an extremely durable type of timber (class I – II) and accordingly very resistant to moulds and insect damage. It is an excellent building material for hydraulic structures, bridge decking, platforms, fencing, garden furniture, etc. Furthermore, Bangkirai does not tend to warp and can thus be used under all weather conditions.

Characteristics

Superior value

Superior value when compared to similar clear grade species and composites. Bangkirai is a great cost effective way to go compared with other hardwoods on the market!

Durability

Extremely durable! Very suitable for all forms of heavy construction, bridges, wharves, flooring, heavy-duty furniture and decking.

Resistant to abrasion, wear and dents.

Very resistant to decay, insects and fungal attack, even in tropical environments.

Naturally fire resistant.

Ease of maintenance

Easy to maintain! If finishing we recommend penetrating oil finishes or leave natural to weather silver gray patina.

Sustainably managed

Sourced from countries that are leaders in ecological, suistained forestry practices .

Some technical data

Botanical name Shorea spec. div.
Quality Standard and Better, according to
Malaysian Grading Rules
Mass approx. 900 kg/m3 at 15% moisture
content
Substances contained The timber contains resin and
calcium ducts
Mould and insects minimal
Durability class I – II
Working with carbide tipped tools

The various batches of timber are checked according to specified standards during the cutting of the trunks, planing and packaging. This is necessary since 90% of our supply consists of finished products such as: planed on 4 sides, poles, bridge decking, garden screens, garden paving, etc.


November 22, 2009

CV Kayu Alas Indonesia

We are wooden and furniture company from indonesia.